LNMP架构搭建动态网站
1.搭建LNMP架构
yum安装 nginx php7.2 Mriadb5.7
1.安装Nginx
#1.使用Nginx官方提供的rpm包 [root@nginx ~]# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo [nginx] name=nginx repo baseurl=http:#nginx.org/packages/centos/7/$basearch/ gpgcheck=0 enabled=1 #2.执行yum安装 [root@nginx ~]# yum install nginx -y [root@nginx ~]# systemctl start nginx [root@nginx ~]# systemctl enable nginx
2.使用第三方扩展epel源安装php7.2
#移除旧版php [root@nginx ~]# yum remove php-mysql-5.4 php php-fpm php-common #安装扩展源 [root@nginx ~]# rpm -Uvh https:#dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm [root@nginx ~]# rpm -Uvh https:#mirror.webtatic.com/yum/el7/webtatic-release.rpm #安装php72版本 [root@nginx ~]# yum -y install php72w php72w-cli php72w-common php72w-devel php72w-embedded php72w-gd php72w-mbstring php72w-pdo php72w-xml php72w-fpm php72w-mysqlnd php72w-opcache #启动php [root@nginx ~]# systemctl start php-fpm [root@nginx ~]# systemctl enable php-fpm
3.安装Mariadb
#下载官方扩展源, 扩展源集成mysql5.6、5.7、8.0,仅5.7仓库是开启 [root@nginx ~]# rpm -ivh http:#repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-5.7-community/el/7/x86_64/mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm [root@nginx ~]# yum install mysql-community-server -y [root@nginx ~]# systemctl start mysqld [root@nginx ~]# systemctl enable mysqld #如果mysql登陆需要密码,请查看该文件 [root@nginx ~]# grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log #登陆mysql重新配置密码 [root@nginx ~]# mysql -uroot -p'password' mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'MyNewPass4!';
2.配置LNMP架构
1.配置Nginx实现动态请求转发至php
[root@nginx ~]# cat /etc/nginx/conf.d/php.conf
server {
server_name _;
listen 80;
root /soft/code;
index index.php index.html;
location ~ \.php$ {
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /soft/code$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
}
}2.添加php测试页面
#测试phpinfo
[root@nginx ~]# cat /soft/code/info.php
<?php
phpinfo();
?>
#使用mysqli模块测试连接mysql
[root@nginx ~]# cat /soft/code/mysqli.php
<?php
$servername = "localhost";
$username = "root";
$password = "";
# 创建连接
$conn = mysqli_connect($servername, $username, $password);
# 检测连接
if (!$conn) {
die("Connection failed: " . mysqli_connect_error());
}
echo "连接成功";
?>
#使用pdo模块测试连接mysql
[root@nginx ~]# cat /soft/code/mysqlpdo.php
<?php
$servername = "localhost";
$username = "root";
$password = "";
try {
$conn = new PDO("mysql:host=$servername;dbname=test", $username, $password);
echo "连接成功";
}
catch(PDOException $e)
{
echo $e->getMessage();
}
?>3.Nginx与PHP原理
Nginx FastCGI的运行原理
nginx fastcgi访问php
1.用户发送http请求报文给nginx服务器
2.nginx会根据文件url和后缀来判断请求
3.如果请求的是静态内容,nginx会将结果直接返回给用户
4.如果请求的是动态内容,nginx会将请求交给fastcgi客户端,通过fastcgi_pass将这个请求发送给php-fpm
5.php-fpm收到请求后会通过本地监听的socket交给wrapper
6.wrapper收到请求会生成新的线程调用php动态程序解析服务器
7.如果用户请求的是博文、或者内容、PHP会请求MySQL查询结果
8.如果用户请求的是图片、附件、PHP会请求nfs存储查询结果
9.php会将查询到的结果交给Nginx
10.nginx会生成一个响应报文返还给用户
4.PHP配置文件优化
4.1php-ini优化
#打开php的安全模式,控制php执行危险函数, 默认是Off,改为On sql.safe_mode = Off #关闭php头部信息, 隐藏版本号, 默认是On,该为Off expose_php = On #错误信息输出控制 display_error = Off error_reporting = E_WARNING & E_ERROR #记录错误日志至后台, 方便追溯 log_errors = On error_log = /var/log/php_error.log #每个脚本时间最大内存 memory_limit = 128M #上传文件最大许可,默认2M, 建议调整为16,32M upload_max_filesize = 2M #禁止远程执行phpshell,默认On, 建议Off allow_url_fopen = On #时区调整,默认PRC, 建议调整为Asia/Shanghai date.timezone = PRC #整体优化后配置文件 sql.safe_mode = Off expose_php = Off display_error = Off error_reporting = E_WARNING & E_ERROR log_errors = On error_log = /var/log/php_error.log upload_max_filesize = 50M allow_url_fopen = Off date.timezone = Asia/Shanghai
4.2php-fpm优化
PHP-FPM配置文件
[root@nginx ~]# cat /etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf [global] pid = /var/run/php-fpm.pid #php-fpm程序错误日志 error_log = /var/log/php/php-fpm.log log_level = warning rlimit_files = 655350 events.mechanism = epoll [www] user = nginx group = nginx listen = 127.0.0.1:9000 listen.owner = www listen.group = www listen.mode = 0660 listen.allowed_clients = 127.0.0.1 pm = dynamic pm.max_children = 512 pm.start_servers = 10 pm.min_spare_servers = 10 pm.max_spare_servers = 30 pm.process_idle_timeout = 15s; pm.max_requests = 2048
#php-www模块错误日志 php_flag[display_errors] = off php_admin_value[error_log] = /var/log/php/php-www.log php_admin_flag[log_errors] = on
#php慢查询日志 request_slowlog_timeout = 5s slowlog = /var/log/php/php-slow.log
PHP5-FPM配置详解释
[global] #pid设置, 记录程序启动后pid pid = /var/run/php-fpm.pid #php-fpm程序启动错误日志路径 error_log = /soft/log/php/php-fpm_error.log # 错误级别. 可用级别为: alert（必须立即处理）,error（错误情况）, warning（警告情况）, notice（一般重要信息）, debug（调试信息）. 默认: notice. log_level = warning #设置文件打开描述符的rlimit限制. rlimit_files = 65535 events.mechanism = epoll #启动进程的用户和组 [www] user = www group = www # fpm监听端口 listen = 127.0.0.1:9000 # unix socket设置选项，如果使用tcp方式访问，这里注释即可。 listen.owner = www listen.group = www # 允许访问FastCGI进程的IP，any不限制 listen.allowed_clients = 127.0.0.1 # pm设置动态调度 pm = dynamic # 同一时刻最大的php-fpm子进程数量 pm.max_children = 200 # 动态方式下的起始php-fpm进程数量 pm.start_servers = 20 # 动态方式下服务器空闲时最小php-fpm进程数量 pm.min_spare_servers = 10 # 动态方式下服务器空闲时最大php-fpm进程数量 pm.max_spare_servers = 30 # 最大请求 pm.max_requests = 1024 pm.process_idle_timeout = 15s; # FPM状态页面,用于监控php-fpm状态使用 pm.status_path = /status # 错误日志 php_flag[display_errors] = off php_admin_value[error_log] = /soft/log/php/php-www_error.log php_admin_flag[log_errors] = on # 配置php慢查询, 以及慢查询记录日志位置 request_slowlog_timeout = 5s slowlog = /soft/log/php/php-slow.log
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